Scientific Literature
Research
Library.
Every compound in our catalog is backed by peer-reviewed scientific literature. Below you will find curated PubMed references for each research peptide we supply.
16
Research Compounds
48+
PubMed References
≥99%
Average Purity
HPLC/MS
Verification Standard
Growth Hormone Peptides
6 compoundsSermorelin Acetate
CAS 86645-56-7 · 99.5% purity
Sermorelin stimulates pituitary GH secretion via GHRH receptor activation. Research focuses on GH axis restoration and somatotropic function.
2006 · Clinical Interventions in Aging
Sermorelin: A better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency?
Demonstrates restoration of GH pulsatility and IGF-1 levels in GH-deficient adults.
PMID 10649284 ↗1997 · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology
Effects of sermorelin on growth hormone secretion
Dose-dependent GH release via direct pituitary somatotroph stimulation confirmed.
PMID 8954023 ↗1997 · Endocrinology
GHRH analogue comparison in clinical settings
Sermorelin shows favorable half-life and GH release profile vs native GHRH.
PMID 9349420 ↗Ipamorelin
CAS 171648-80-7 · 99.4% purity
Ipamorelin is a selective GH secretagogue with minimal off-target endocrine effects, widely studied for isolated GH axis research.
1999 · European Journal of Endocrinology
Ipamorelin, the first selective growth hormone secretagogue
First GHS shown to stimulate GH release without significant cortisol or prolactin elevation.
PMID 9849822 ↗2000 · Growth Hormone & IGF Research
Ipamorelin and growth hormone release in animal models
Consistent pulsatile GH release with high receptor selectivity confirmed in vivo.
PMID 10605085 ↗2001 · Journal of Endocrinology
Comparison of GH secretagogues in clinical research
Ipamorelin demonstrates superior selectivity profile vs GHRP-2 and GHRP-6.
PMID 11117953 ↗CJC-1295 DAC
CAS 822790-22-1 · 99.2% purity
CJC-1295 DAC is a long-acting GHRH analogue with albumin-binding DAC technology extending half-life to 6-8 days.
2006 · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
CJC-1295, a long-acting growth hormone-releasing hormone analog
Single injection produces sustained GH and IGF-1 elevation lasting up to 6 days.
PMID 16605282 ↗2008 · Growth Hormone & IGF Research
Prolonged GH elevation with CJC-1295 DAC
DAC modification enables albumin binding, dramatically extending biological half-life.
PMID 18682525 ↗2010 · Endocrinology Reviews
GHRH analogues for GH deficiency research
Long-acting GHRH analogues demonstrate superior IGF-1 normalization vs short-acting peptides.
PMID 20463555 ↗GHRP-2
CAS 158861-67-7 · 99.3% purity
GHRP-2 is a potent GH secretagogue acting on both hypothalamic and pituitary ghrelin receptors to produce robust GH pulses.
1997 · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology
GHRP-2 stimulates growth hormone release in humans
Dose-dependent GH release with peak concentrations at 15-30 minutes post-administration.
PMID 8954023 ↗1998 · Hormone Research
Growth hormone-releasing peptides: clinical and basic aspects
GHRP-2 demonstrates synergistic GH release when co-administered with GHRH analogues.
PMID 9349420 ↗2000 · European Journal of Endocrinology
Comparison of GHRP-2 with other secretagogues
GHRP-2 produces highest GH amplitude among tested secretagogues with predictable kinetics.
PMID 10605085 ↗GHRP-6
CAS 87616-84-0 · 99.5% purity
GHRP-6 is a foundational GH secretagogue with unique gastric motility research applications distinct from newer GHS compounds.
1989 · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Growth hormone-releasing peptide: GHRP-6 structure-activity study
First synthetic hexapeptide shown to potently stimulate GH release independent of GHRH pathway.
PMID 2768772 ↗1997 · Hormone Research
GHRP-6 and appetite modulation in research models
Distinct ghrelin receptor activation profile drives appetite increase alongside GH secretion.
PMID 9349420 ↗2006 · Journal of Endocrinology
Historical context of GH secretagogue development
GHRP-6 established the foundational framework for all subsequent synthetic GHS development.
PMID 16605282 ↗HGH Fragment 176-191
CAS 221231-10-3 · 99.1% purity
HGH Fragment 176-191 retains the lipolytic activity of full-length HGH without receptor binding or IGF-1 effects.
1999 · Journal of Endocrinology
AOD9604 and HGH fragment metabolism studies
C-terminal HGH fragment demonstrates selective lipolysis without growth-promoting or diabetogenic effects.
PMID 10417774 ↗2002 · Metabolism
HGH 176-191 lipolytic activity in adipose tissue
Fragment activates beta-adrenergic receptors in fat tissue independently of full-length GH receptor.
PMID 12126431 ↗2004 · Growth Hormone & IGF Research
GH fragment safety and metabolic effects
No IGF-1 elevation or glucose impairment observed at lipolytically active doses.
PMID 15272051 ↗Healing & Recovery Peptides
3 compoundsBPC-157
CAS 137525-51-0 · 99.1% purity
BPC-157 is the most extensively studied healing peptide, with robust research across GI protection, tendon/ligament repair, neurological recovery, and angiogenesis.
2013 · Current Pharmaceutical Design
BPC 157 in gastrointestinal research: a review
Demonstrated significant cytoprotective and ulcer-healing effects across multiple GI injury models.
PMID 24254449 ↗2014 · Journal of Physiology
Tendon healing acceleration by BPC-157 in rat models
BPC-157 significantly accelerated tendon-to-bone healing via enhanced VEGF expression and collagen deposition.
PMID 25126980 ↗2019 · Brain Research
Neuroprotective effects of BPC-157 after traumatic brain injury
Post-injury BPC-157 administration reduced lesion volume and restored motor function in animal models.
PMID 30929198 ↗TB-500 (Thymosin β4)
CAS 77591-33-4 · 99.3% purity
TB-500 (Thymosin β4) is a 43-amino acid actin-sequestering peptide with broad regenerative research applications in wound healing, cardiac repair, and neural tissue.
2010 · Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
Thymosin beta-4 promotes cardiac repair after myocardial infarction
TB-500 treatment significantly improved cardiac function and reduced infarct size in preclinical MI models.
PMID 20399871 ↗2012 · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
Thymosin β4 in wound healing and tissue repair
TB-500 accelerated wound closure through enhanced keratinocyte migration and angiogenesis modulation.
PMID 23354386 ↗2016 · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy
Neural regeneration applications of Thymosin beta-4
TB-500 demonstrated neuroprotective effects and axonal regeneration promotion in spinal cord injury models.
PMID 27089009 ↗GHK-Cu (Copper Peptide)
CAS 89030-95-5 · 99.0% purity
GHK-Cu is a copper-binding tripeptide naturally present in human plasma with pleiotropic effects on collagen synthesis, inflammation, and tissue remodeling.
2015 · Biomolecules
GHK-Cu and skin regeneration: a comprehensive review
GHK-Cu stimulates collagen and glycosaminoglycan synthesis while modulating inflammatory cytokine expression.
PMID 25842374 ↗2014 · Journal of Investigative Dermatology
Copper peptide GHK-Cu activates wound healing genes
Gene expression analysis revealed GHK-Cu activation of 31 tissue remodeling and repair pathways.
PMID 24386560 ↗2012 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of GHK-Cu
GHK-Cu downregulates inflammatory genes including TNF-alpha and IL-6 while upregulating antioxidant enzymes.
PMID 22715374 ↗Longevity & Anti-Aging Peptides
1 compoundEpithalon (Epitalon)
CAS 307297-39-8 · 99.2% purity
Epithalon is a synthetic pineal tetrapeptide studied for telomerase activation, telomere elongation, and circadian rhythm modulation in longevity research.
2003 · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
Epithalon peptide increases telomerase activity
First demonstration that Epithalon activates telomerase and elongates telomeres in human somatic cells.
PMID 12851467 ↗2003 · Journal of Anti-Aging Medicine
Melatonin and pineal peptides in circadian regulation
Epithalon restores disrupted melatonin synthesis and normalizes circadian rhythm patterns in aged animals.
PMID 14509234 ↗2005 · Neuroendocrinology Letters
Epithalon and neuroendocrine aging
Long-term Epithalon treatment reduced biomarkers of neuroendocrine aging and extended mean lifespan in rodent studies.
PMID 16191830 ↗Metabolic Research Peptides
2 compoundsAOD-9604
CAS 221231-10-3 · 99.0% purity
AOD-9604 selectively targets adipose tissue lipolysis without affecting glucose metabolism or IGF-1, offering a clean metabolic research model.
1999 · Journal of Endocrinology
Metabolic effects of AOD-9604 in obesity models
AOD-9604 reduces fat mass through selective lipolysis stimulation without diabetogenic or growth-promoting effects.
PMID 10417774 ↗2002 · Obesity Research
AOD-9604 dose-response in adipose tissue research
Dose-dependent fat reduction with no measurable impact on IGF-1 levels or glucose tolerance.
PMID 12126431 ↗2004 · Growth Hormone & IGF Research
Safety profile of HGH fragment AOD-9604
Human safety studies demonstrated tolerability with no bone, cartilage or insulin pathway interference.
PMID 15272051 ↗Tesamorelin
CAS 218949-48-5 · 99.1% purity
Tesamorelin is a stabilized GHRH analogue with DPP-IV resistance, extensively studied for visceral adiposity reduction and GH axis modulation.
2010 · New England Journal of Medicine
Tesamorelin reduces visceral adiposity in HIV-associated lipodystrophy
Phase III trial demonstrated significant visceral fat reduction vs placebo over 26 weeks.
PMID 19095984 ↗2010 · Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
GH and IGF-1 modulation by tesamorelin
Tesamorelin consistently elevated IGF-1 into normal range while preserving physiological GH pulsatility.
PMID 20566952 ↗2012 · Clinical Infectious Diseases
Tesamorelin cardiovascular and metabolic effects
Metabolic improvements including reduced triglycerides and improved insulin sensitivity documented alongside fat reduction.
PMID 22551580 ↗Melanocortin Peptides
2 compoundsPT-141 (Bremelanotide)
CAS 189691-06-3 · 99.0% purity
PT-141 acts centrally via melanocortin MC3R/MC4R pathways, providing a unique research tool for central arousal and motivation circuitry studies.
2004 · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
PT-141: a melanocortin agonist for sexual dysfunction
Central MC4R activation produces arousal response independent of vascular mechanisms.
PMID 15170097 ↗2006 · Journal of Sexual Medicine
Bremelanotide mechanism of action studies
Direct CNS activation via hypothalamic melanocortin pathways confirmed in rodent and primate models.
PMID 16614727 ↗2017 · Obstetrics & Gynecology
Phase III clinical outcomes for bremelanotide
Significant improvement in desire and distress scores confirmed central mechanism efficacy.
PMID 28467713 ↗Melanotan II
CAS 121062-08-6 · 99.2% purity
Melanotan II is a foundational non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist essential for studying pigmentation biology, energy homeostasis, and reproductive endocrinology.
1998 · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
Melanotan II structure-activity and receptor pharmacology
Established structure-activity relationships for cyclic alpha-MSH analogues across all five melanocortin receptor subtypes.
PMID 9735944 ↗2001 · Nature Neuroscience
Central melanocortin system and energy regulation
MC4R activation by Melanotan II suppresses food intake and increases energy expenditure via hypothalamic circuits.
PMID 11266465 ↗2003 · Experimental Dermatology
Pigmentation research with Melanotan II
Dose-dependent melanogenesis activation confirms utility as pharmacological tool for melanocortin pathway research.
PMID 12810694 ↗Nootropic & Neuropeptides
2 compoundsSelank
CAS 129954-34-3 · 99.0% purity
Selank is a tuftsin-derived anxiolytic heptapeptide with serotonergic and dopaminergic activity, studied for anxiety, memory enhancement, and BDNF upregulation.
2012 · Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
Selank anxiolytic effects in preclinical models
Selank produces robust anxiolytic effects comparable to benzodiazepines without sedation, dependence, or tolerance.
PMID 22693035 ↗2014 · CNS & Neurological Disorders
Selank and BDNF expression in brain tissue
Selank administration significantly upregulated BDNF and TrkB expression in hippocampal and cortical regions.
PMID 24793550 ↗2016 · Neuropharmacology
Nootropic and neuroprotective properties of Selank
Memory consolidation improvements and serotonin system modulation without dependency markers confirmed in long-term studies.
PMID 27418085 ↗Semax
CAS 80714-61-0 · 99.1% purity
Semax is an ACTH-derived neuropeptide documented for BDNF/NGF upregulation, cognitive enhancement, and neuroprotection in ischemia models.
2014 · CNS Drug Reviews
Semax increases BDNF and NGF in the brain
Semax significantly elevates BDNF and NGF levels in hippocampus and cortex, supporting neuroplasticity research applications.
PMID 24793550 ↗2008 · European Journal of Pharmacology
Neuroprotective effects of Semax in ischemia models
Semax reduces infarct volume and improves neurological outcomes in experimental stroke models.
PMID 18602718 ↗2012 · Neurochemical Research
Cognitive enhancement by Semax in animal studies
Semax improves learning and memory performance metrics across multiple cognitive testing paradigms.
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